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KERALA DANCES
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Kerala has a rich repertoire of folk dances. They reflect the
temperaments and moods of the localities in music and costumes and are
highly develope d.
Religious colouring is mostly seen in almost all of these folk dances,
even in those performed in connection with harvests, sowing of seeds
festivals etc. Men alone, some exclusively by women, perform many of
these dance forms. There are also dances in which men and women
perform together. Most of the folk dances are performed to the
accompaniment of songs, which are sung by the dancers themselves or
occasionally by a group of musicians. Some are performed to the
accompaniment of musical instruments only |
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The Koothu &
Koodiyattam:
It is usually performed inside a hall specially designed
for the purpose, the Koothambalam as it is known. There
are different types of Koothu like Chakiar Koothu, Nambiar
Koothu, Tholpavakoothu etc. It is a Temple art usually
performed in Temples during Festivals. Chakiar Koothu
usually represented Sanskrit Dramas and Tholpavakoothu
Tamil dramas and is pe rformed by a single character. But
in Koodiyattom there are two are more characters. The Cahkiar usually plays the part of a buffoon, whereas
Koodiyattom represents events from mythology.
Tholpavakoothu is enacted on a stage built near the
temple. This is actually a puppet show and the dialogues
of the characters or puppets are spoken by artists behind
the screen. The stories are based on an ‘Kampa’ version of
Ramayana written by the Tamil Poet Kampa. The languages
used is a mixture of Tamil and Sanskrit. |
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The Kummatti,:
This form of art is mostly found in Wayand, Trichur and
Palakkad districts. The performers of Kummatti wear maska
and the dress is made of grass and dry leaves. It is
performed by different districts. In Trichur district, it
is a form of social entertainment performed by youngsters
of all communities. In order to receive th e Blessings of
the goddess. Sometimes eight or ten artists perform Kummatti, the leader of the team is Mother Kummatti
holding a Kummatti stick. There is beating drum and
singing with background music. Other characters like Sri
Krishna, Sri Siva etc. are also seen on the stage.
However Mother Kummatti’s appearance is most attractive,
this character wears tha mask of a toothless old woman.
The approach of Kummatti is indicated by the beating of a
small drum. In Trichur it is performed for four days
during Onam. |
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The Kurathiyattam:
The Kurava
Community perform this, during Temple Festivals. Both
youngsters and middle – aged people perform this art. The
artists consist consist of those who hunt the serpents,
palmists and herb collectors. It is performed differently
in the South and North. Only three artists perform in the
south. Some times eight artists perform in the North. Very
few musical instruments are used. The main characters are
the Kurava and Kurathi who predict the future and also the
wives of Vishnu and Siva. They dance with hand gestures.
Expressing different types of emotions. |
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The Kathakali:
Kathakali is the classical dance form of Kerala which is
believed to have originated in the 17th century
A.D. It is a dramatic art where the expression is the
heart of its perfection. This spectacular dance form of
Kerala is based on the guidelines laid by Sage Bharatha’s
Natya Sastra; the ancient treatise on dance and drama, is
over 500 years old. This elaborate art form is an
integration of dance, music, poetry and histrionics.
In Kathakali, make up is an elaborate process,
taking long time for its perfection which is very
essential for the nature and personality of the character
being represented on the stage. Netrabhinaya is (abhinaya
through the eyes) a vital part in Kathakali. Generally
there are some classifications for Vesham. Thecha
Vesham(painted make up). Thadi Vesham (bearded makeup),
Kari Vesham( black makeup) and minukku Vesham (polished
make up) are important among them. Pacha and Kathi Vesham
are the sub division of Techa Vesham. Kathi Vesham
representing evil characters while Pacha (green)
represented good and optimisticall characters. Thaddi has
three sub divisions. Vella(white) Chuvanna (Red) and
Karutha (black). Each colour is representing for
performing certain type of characters.
There are 24 Mudras in Kathakali which enables to express
the nine emotions. They are called love , valour, fear,
contempt, loathing, serenity, wonder, kindness and anger.
The Geetham (music) and the Vadhyam (musical instrument)
which combines together for the dramatic and excellent
performance of Kathakali, usually stories from the great
epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharatha are taken up
for Kathakali performance. |
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The
Kalarippayattu:
Classical literacy works, like Dhanurveda, Agnipuranam,
Natyasastra, Hasthangastam and Srakraneeti say that the
warrior sage Parasuram was the first Guru (Master) of
Kalarippayattu. It is said that Parasuram after reclaiming
the land of Kerala from the ocean by throwing his Mazhu
(battle axe), taught this martial art to his 21 disciples
in order to protect the land and maintain peace. The
others believe that the Lord Siva is considered to
be the
father of Kalarippayattu. It has been propagated by
Parasuram in North and Sage agasthya in South.
Historical background (Evolution of Kalari)
Kalarippayattu was an integral part of the Socio-
Political system of Medieval Kerala. Medieval
principalities and chieftain families maintained a
military group of their own. Kalarippayattu, in such
circumstances, provided the institutional base for the
body building and training in combat, for the youth of the
times, which became not only necessary but essential. Here
specially noted that the Kalrippayattu training was
undergone by almost every youth of the Nair Caste, the
Kerala warrior Caste like the Samurai of Japan. But
Kalarippayattu was not the sole prerogative of Nairs for
there were many Muslims, Christians, Ezhavas and even
Brahmins who practiced and mastered the techniques of
Kalarippayattu. |
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The Kanyarkali &
Thayambaka:
This is a very old art form permanent in Palakad District.
It is a combination of Temple ritual and entertainment. It
is played in four parts and lasts for four days. It is
performed at night and continues till dawn.
Thayambaka: Group drummers
numbering 50 or 100 or more accompanied by trumpets and
cymbals, performing to a crescendo. |
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